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Bones

Importance of early life activity as per time sensitive factors.

Menopause is a significant risk for women.

Corticosteroids reduce bone mineral density (BMD).

DEXA scans can be used to measure BMD.

Supplements that may improve bone health and mineral density include;

  • Boron helps to maintain BMD
  • Calcium
  • Collagen may also help, in combination with resistance training
  • Innulin may enable the body to better absorb calcium
  • Vitamin d3 is essential for bone health
  • Vitamin k2 plays an essential role in bone health by activating bone-building proteins that help bring calcium into your bones and keep it there

On the flip side, these may be detrimental;

  • Vitamin a overdose issue - may increase the risk of reduced bone mineral density and lead to osteoporosis.1 2 3

References

Metadata

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Last Updated: 2026-09-17

  1. Lerner UH. Vitamin A - discovery, metabolism, receptor signaling and effects on bone mass and fracture susceptibility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Apr 22;15:1298851. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1298851. PMID: 38711977; PMCID: PMC11070503. ↩

  2. Hough S, Avioli LV, Muir H, Gelderblom D, Jenkins G, Kurasi H, Slatopolsky E, Bergfeld MA, Teitelbaum SL. Effects of hypervitaminosis A on the bone and mineral metabolism of the rat. Endocrinology. 1988 Jun;122(6):2933-9. doi: 10.1210/endo-122-6-2933. PMID: 3371268. ↩

  3. Crandall C. Vitamin A intake and osteoporosis: a clinical review. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004 Oct;13(8):939-53. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2004.13.939. PMID: 15671709. ↩